Day 3 - Operant Conditioning - Anything can be learned!
Learning Targets - Students will be able to compare and contrast the various theories of learning: classical, operant and observational (Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Bandura)
Opener - Is there anything that can't be taught/learned? Like what? Explain.
Activity #1 - Conditioning and Schedules
Continuous reinforcement schedule, in which the desired response is
reinforced every time it occurs
Most real-world reinforcers are not continuous; they occur on a partial (or intermittent) reinforcement schedule — a schedule in which the responses are sometimes reinforced and sometimes not.
(Tables downloaded from opentextbc.ca)
Behaviors can also be trained through the use of secondary reinforcers. A primary reinforcer includes stimuli that are naturally preferred or enjoyed by the organism, such as food, water, and relief from pain, a secondary reinforcer (sometimes called conditioned reinforcer) is a neutral event that has become associated with a primary reinforcer through classical conditioning.
Activity #2 - Operant Conditioning Scenarios
Continuous reinforcement schedule, in which the desired response is
reinforced every time it occurs
- Whenever the dog rolls over, for instance, it gets a biscuit. Continuous reinforcement results in relatively fast learning but also rapid extinction of the desired behavior once the reinforcer disappears.
Most real-world reinforcers are not continuous; they occur on a partial (or intermittent) reinforcement schedule — a schedule in which the responses are sometimes reinforced and sometimes not.
- In comparison to continuous reinforcement, partial reinforcement schedules lead to slower initial learning, but they also lead to greater resistance to extinction.
Behaviors can also be trained through the use of secondary reinforcers. A primary reinforcer includes stimuli that are naturally preferred or enjoyed by the organism, such as food, water, and relief from pain, a secondary reinforcer (sometimes called conditioned reinforcer) is a neutral event that has become associated with a primary reinforcer through classical conditioning.
- Example - a secondary reinforcer would be the whistle given by an animal trainer, which has been associated over time with the primary reinforcer, food.
- An example of an everyday secondary reinforcer is money. We enjoy having money, not so much for the stimulus itself, but rather for the primary reinforcers (the things that money can buy) with which it is associated.
Activity #2 - Operant Conditioning Scenarios
The chart above provides a number of examples of operant conditioning. What method(s) would YOU use to teach each of the skills or habits below? Be sure to label and describe US, UR, CS, CR for each.
BE SURE THAT BOTH OF YOU RECORD YOUR RESPONSES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK- Remembering to turn off the lights before you leave the room.
- Learning how to swim the butterfly stroke.
- Memorizing formulas for an upcoming chemistry test.
- Creating and recording questions everyday in your psychology notebook.
Close - 1-2 questions recorded in your notebook regarding conditioning, reinforcers, punishment, etc
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